Oven-Roasted Strawberry and Rosemary Jam

Summer. In. A. Jar. The local strawberry season is too short; just six weeks long. Have you ever wanted to capture the smell and flavor of a just-picked, warm, lusciously ripe strawberry? If so, try making a jar of this oven-roasted strawberry and rosemary jam with a touch of lemon juice or balsamic vinegar. My friend, Malinda Hersch, Program Director at The Nashville Food Project, gave me this recipe. She made it for TNFP’s Patron’s Party gift baskets.

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The idea for this post started when I read in Edible Nashville, a gorgeous publication on local food trends, that Tennessee’s first strawberries were coming in. On a whim, I emailed Hank Delvin at Delvin Farms to see if his strawberry crop was ripe. He said they were getting ready to pick that morning and invited me to join them.

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I love driving out to Delvin Farms in College Grove. It’s a beautiful drive, and I know I’ll always learn something new about organic farming practices from Hank or his dad. Check out this post from last year when I chronicled a morning spent gleaning vegetables for TNFP at Delvin Farms. The most interesting tidbit I learned on this visit was the concept of incomplete pollination. Like for many of you, I’ve seen the results of incomplete pollination — misshapen berries like the ones in the photos below; I just didn’t know there was a name for it — or a reason.

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Some misshapen berries are lovely!

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Hank plants new June-bearing strawberry plants in plastic-covered raised beds every September. The plants go dormant for the winter and start growing again in the spring. The plastic keeps the weeds out and warms the soil in spring.  Once the flowers begin to bloom, they must be protected from frost.

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To this end, Hank’s staff covers each row of strawberries with an agricultural cloth whenever the temperatures dip. There were six touches of frost this spring in the three weeks preceding the first harvest.

Plant Sex

Strawberries are considered self-pollinators, and as such, their male and female parts are on the same flower. It takes gravity, wind, rain, and insect pollinators to move the pollen across the flower’s reproductive parts. If the plants are covered, the wind and bees can’t do their part, leading to a higher incidence of incomplete pollination. It doesn’t take much wind though; I was amazed to see the plants’ leaves waving in a wind I couldn’t feel.

Pistils and stamens. Remember them?

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The strawberry flower is not your typical flower. Yes, it has the male parts, the yellow pollen-coated anthers known as stamens. And it has the female part, called an ovule, that connects to an ovary and is collectively known as the pistil. However, whereas most flowers only have one pistil, the strawberry is an aggregate fruit and has as many as 500 spike-like ovules, each one an immature egg needing to be pollinated so it can produce seed. The more of those ovules that get pollinated, the bigger, puffier, and more perfect the strawberry.

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The Recipe!

Yield: 4 cups of jam
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8 cups (2 quarts) strawberries, stems removed and berries quartered
4 cups granulated sugar
¼ cup lemon juice or balsamic vinegar
4 bushy sprigs fresh rosemary (1/2 ounce).

Clean and hull two quarts of strawberries. Figure on four cups of berries per quart container.

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Slice berries into lengthwise quarters.

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Add strawberries and sugar to a mixing bowl, stir and allow to macerate, which means to break down and soften.

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Allow berries to macerate for two hours, or up to 24 hours, stirring regularly to re-incorporate the sugar that sinks to the bottom. Don’t skip this step. It’s what helps the berry chunks to keep their shape.

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Squeeze the juice out from one large lemon and set aside.

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Pour the macerated strawberries and lemon juice or vinegar into a saucepan. Bring to a full rolling boil over high heat watching carefully, so the juice doesn’t boil over. A rolling boil is one that doesn’t stop boiling when you stir it.

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Once the mixture reaches a full boil, reduce the heat and simmer uncovered for ten minutes. About five minutes into the cooking time, add the rosemary sprigs, stir, and continue to simmer.

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The lemon juice and vinegar are acids and when heated help release the pectin in berries. Pectin is a gum-like substance that is needed to “set” jams and jellies. It occurs naturally in fruits, but more can be added in the form of powder if a faster set is desired.  For more on pectin, read my posts about making grape jelly and crabapple jelly.

Now it is time to roast the berries.
Preheat oven to 150º. If your oven’s lowest temperature setting is a little higher than that, no worries. You could even set the oven to convection roast and cook it in half the time, but I prefer the slow cook method.

Pour the mixture, including the rosemary, into a  13″ by 18″ baking pan. Place pan on the middle oven shelf and roast for 10 hours, or until the syrup is thickened and has a gel-like appearance. I often put it in the oven at bedtime and take it out the next morning.

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How to test hot jelly for gel formation: Use a chilled wooden spoon to scoop up the preserves. Allow to cool and then tilt the spoon, so jam starts to drips. If the drips form a triangle-shaped thick flake, it is ready. Don’t get too hung up here with the testing. After 10 hours, assume it is going to be great!

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Ladle into four 8-ounce hot, clean jars using a large-holed funnel and either
1) process in a water bath for 10 minutes, using the appropriate two-part jar caps, aka “canning,” or
2) cover with lids, turn upside down, allow to cool, and store in the refrigerator, right side up, until ready to use, or
3) freeze in plastic containers.

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I love the combination of strawberries, sugar, and balsamic vinegar, so I often substitute four tablespoons of balsamic vinegar for the lemon juice. The vinegar not only flavors the jam, but it gives it a smoother, earthier taste than the lemon juice.

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This jam is great spooned over @judyschickens granola and plain, low-fat yogurt.

About The Nashville Food Project

The Nashville Food Project brings people together to grow, cook and share nourishing food, with the goals of cultivating community and alleviating hunger in our city. Their primary fundraising event, Nourish, will take place on Thursday, July 20th this year in the gorgeous dining hall at Montgomery Bell Academy.

Other Recipes with Strawberries
Strawberry Rhubarb Pie
Very Berry Clafoutis

Other Jelly Recipes
Crabapple Jelly
Grape Jelly

Other Breakfast Foods
DIY Yogurt and Yogurt Cheese
Sorghum, Oats, and Cranberry Granola
The Biscuit King
Mom’s Monkey Bread, circa 1970

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© 2014-2022 Judy Wright. All rights reserved. Photos and text may only be used with written consent.

Tomatoes: The Crown Jewels of the Summer Kitchen Garden

The hustle and bustle of getting my vegetable garden planted over the last several weeks came to a halt yesterday (albeit temporarily — gardening never ends) when finally, I got my tomatoes in the ground. After a fun few days spent chasing down favorite plant varieties at local garden centers, I felt a peaceful sense of satisfaction as I dug that last hole in the ground and planted a Green Zebra tomato, scored from Gardens of Babylon at the Farmers Market. That the big planting happened on Earth Day made my gardening day even more special.
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This year, I am on a mission to get more than 5-10 tomatoes from each tomato plant. To that end, I chose plant varieties based on flavor, growth habit, success in prior years, and color. I even rebuilt my tomato bed to offer stronger vine support, did a soil test at the Elmington Agriculture Center, and then amended the soil based on the results.

The plants I chose to grow are Cherokee Purples, San Marzanos, Hughs, Bradleys, German Queens, a Mr. Stripey, and a Green Zebra. To see my choices for cherry tomatoes, check out my post, The Full-Bodied Cherry Tomato.

Cherokee Purples (6 plants): Indeterminate. Heirloom. Very sweet and large fruit. Their color is a dusty rose with what looks like purple bruises. When very ripe, and deep purple, they are gushingly good. They are my favorite tomato.
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San Marzanos (4 plants): Indeterminate. Heirloom. A meaty, deep red “paste” tomato. They have a thicker flesh and fewer seeds than the regular Roma tomato. They are sweet and low acid. This variety is my favorite for cooking.
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Hughs (2 plants): Indeterminate. Heirloom. Strong, sweet flavor and very meaty.  I first tasted this tomato last summer while cooking at The Nashville Food Project. I’ve been lusting for them ever since. I’m grateful TNFP’s Garden Director, Christina Bentrup, saved two young seedlings for me from Project Growa popular Nashville vegetable plant CSA. The tomatoes are pale yellow and large.
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Bradleys (2 plants): Semi-determinate. Heirloom. Fruit is pinkish-red and ranges in size from 7-10 ounces. This was my favorite tomato to grow until I learned about Cherokee Purples. They are sweet with just the right amount of acidity. As with other determinate varieties, they set their fruit and then they are done for the season.
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Mr. Stripey (2 plants): Indeterminate. Heirloom. Fruit is large and very sweet. Their color is yellow with pinky-red undertones. These tomatoes are luscious. I love them sliced and in a sandwich. I tend to photograph them a lot!

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German Queen (1 plant): Indeterminate. Heirloom. Fruit is sweet and low-acid. They are large and pinky-red with green undertones in the shoulders.  Great for slicing. This photo is from Bonnie Plants
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Bush Early Girls (2 plants): Determinate. Hybrid. I planted these just to watch their growth habit. They are advertised as an extra-early variety, compact at 18 inches tall, productive and bred for disease resistance. This photo is from Burpee Seed Company.
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Green Zebra (1 plant): Indeterminate. This tomato is the result of four heirlooms bred together. I grow it for its two-tone vertical stripes in shades of green which begin to become slightly pale yellow at maturity. The fruit is small, the flesh is pale green, and the flavor is mild. I grow them to round out my color palette.
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The Growth Habit of Tomatoes: everything you need to know is on the plant’s label!
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Determinate & Indeterminate

Simply put, there are two types of growth habits for tomato plants: determinate where the plant bears all of its fruit at one time and indeterminate, where the plant bears fruit all season long right up to the last frost.

Determinate Varieties:
Also known as bush and patio tomatoes, this variety grows on one main trunk to a pre-determined height of two to four feet and sets a finite number of fruit. They should not be pruned. They produce tomatoes for a concentrated time span of four to six weeks and then they are finished for the season. This makes them great for commercial growers who can plan on one harvest for the season.

Indeterminate Varieties:
If you think of indeterminates as vines that need to be staked and pruned, it may help you plan ahead on how you are going to accommodate their unwieldy growth habit. Tomato vines grow like a weed and, left unpruned, will eventually topple over from the weight of their continuously growing stems, leaves, and fruit. I found this picture of my tomato garden taken on June 4, 2012. There are no subsequent photos of this garden. You know what they say; History is written by the victors. This kind of unpruned growth is unsustainable.

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Suckers! This brings us to the topic of pruning suckers, those new vines that grow in the crotch of the 90-degree angle formed by new leaf growth off of the main stem. Left unpruned, the new vines that they grow into, can each grow from 3-10 feet, depending on who you talk to! This year, my plan is to snip those suckers. I found an informative article on the topic of pruning tomatoes at Fine Gardening. Check out the article. I’m a believer now that I understand what is going on.
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Heirloom and Hybrid
Heirloom varieties are plants that have been around for at least 50 years and are either open or self-pollinated.

Hybrids are plants that have been bred for disease resistance, heat tolerance, fruit size, and flavor. “F1” on a plant label means it is the first generation of the cross-mating of two different parent plants. The next generation of hybrids will become known as F2, F3, etc. Hybrids that have withstood the test of time can become known as heirlooms after 50 years.

Open-Pollinated or Self-Pollinated
How a flower is pollinated is important to know if you intend to practice seed saving, otherwise, you do not need to consider it when growing tomatoes.

Open-pollinated (OP) flowers require insects or wind to move the pollen from the male to the stigma of the female. Once fertilized, the plant will set fruit in the ovary of the plant.

Self-pollinated flowers have both male and female parts in the same flower and do not need bees to set fruit. They are often referred to as the “perfect” flower. Have you ever noticed how flowers on a tomato plant point down? That’s nature’s way of assuring self-pollination through gravity alone.
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Now for a little tomato joy — last summer, these tomatoes, became a pie! This recipe and hopefully many more will come about once my huge tomato crop starts to roll in!
 

Tomato Update: May 6

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© 2014-2017 Judy Wright. All rights reserved. Photos and text may only be used with written consent.

The Full-Bodied Cherry Tomato

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Whether you are a seasoned farmer or a first-time vegetable gardener, planting cherry tomatoes in your garden will give you a lot of joy and bang for your buck. The flavor in a cherry tomato is intensely sweet, and their gorgeous color and shape will make any salad or salsa more beautiful. They will also start producing before your regular-sized tomatoes ripen and will continue to produce right up until the first frost in October. Their only limiting factor is their fruit grows on vines, and those vines tend to spread so they will need a structure upon which to climb. I like to grow them along the chicken wire fencing that surrounds my kitchen garden.

My dependable faves in the cherry tomato category are Juliettes, Sun Sugars, or Sun Golds, whichever you can find, Yellow Pear, and Matt’s Cherry Wild — in that order of preference. To give you an idea of sizes and colors, take a look at this photo taken last summer on July 6th.

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Juliette’s are like small Romas, meaty, packed with flavor and not overly sweet. They are the first tomato to ripen in the spring and the last to produce in the fall. They are big; I often cut them in half when I put them in a salad. If I only grew one cherry tomato, this would be the one.

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Sun Sugars are a golden orange color when ripe and grow as a cluster of grapes on a vine. They are very similar to Sun Golds. They are intensely sweet and tend not to crack.

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Yellow Pear. Their name says it all. Another tomato with great color, shape, and taste.

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Matt’s Wild. They are tiny, deeply red in color, and intensely sweet. They grow like a cluster of grapes on a vine. They are so small; they hardly ever make it to the dinner table as we often pop them in our mouth right off the vine.

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This year, I’m going to add one more variety to the mix, the Black Cherry. My reason for wanting them is to round out my tomato color palette. Here is a picture of Black Cherry tomatoes from Johnny’s Selected Seeds website.

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Happy planting, but please wait to plant until after the last frost date for your area; the tomato plant’s leaves are very tender, and the plant will wilt and likely die if there is a frost.

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© 2014-2017 Judy Wright. All rights reserved. Photos and text may only be used with written consent.

Pasta e Fagioli (aka Ham Bone Soup!)

As Dean Martin would croon, “When the stars make you drool, just like pasta fazool, that’s amore.

From the minute I buy a cooked ham, I start thinking about the soup I’m going to make with the leftover ham bone. The soup I love to make with that ham bone is Pasta e Fagioli, AKA pasta and beans, a classic Italian comfort soup. And, once I start making the soup, forget it, I start humming Dean Martin’s song, That’s Amore. Ad nauseam.

I usually pick up a spiral-cut ham to have in the house for sandwiches during the holidays.  This Easter, I didn’t have a full house or a ham, but it is so automatic for me to make (and want) a hearty ham bone soup after a holiday that I drove to our local Honey Baked Ham store Monday morning to see if they had any ham bones for sale in their freezer. I was in luck, they were having one of their post-holiday buy-one-get-one-free sales, and I was able to pick up two meaty bones for seven dollars.

Technique Time: How to Add Layers of Flavor to a Soup
One of the cooking techniques I’ve learned over the years is the benefit of slowly sautéing chopped vegetables and aromatics in olive oil to create a flavorful foundation for soups, sauces, and stews.

Depending on who taught you how to cook, this flavor base is known as a soffritto, a mirepoix, or the “Holy Trinity.” For example, the French flavor base is called a mirepoix and includes two parts onion to one part celery and one part carrot, all of it chopped and sautéed in butter or duck fat. The Italians start with a soffritto that includes carrots, onions, and celery often with the addition of garlic, fennel, and parsley, and all of it sautéed in olive oil. In Cajun cooking, they have the “Holy Trinity” which consists of 3 parts celery, 2 parts onion, and 1 part sweet bell pepper, all of it sautéed in butter or oil. It is helpful to know these ratios as you start to create your own recipes.

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When making soups and even tomato sauces, you can add another layer of flavor by being intentional about what you use for the soup’s liquid base; the soup’s medium for flavor and heat. When you add raw or pre-roasted meat bones and simmer for a while, the bones’ marrow is released into the soup, and now you have enriched your soup or sauce even more.

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Finally, when making soup, you can add yet another layer of flavor to the vegetables you choose to use, such as the stewed tomatoes, beans, and fresh greens I used in this recipe.

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When you use this many layers of flavor, you’ll find you need to add a lot less salt, if any, to your recipe. I didn’t add salt to this soup because there is already plenty of it in the ham and cheese rind.

A few words on the main ingredients used to make Pasta e Fagioli.

The Beans
I start with a 20-ounce package of dried beans. The package comes with a seasoning packet that I have never used. In a pinch, you could use three cans of cooked beans, rinsed and drained.

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Take a moment to admire how pretty the beans look as you rinse and inspect them for tiny rocks and dirt. I love the different shapes and textures.

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Their color intensifies when rinsed, reminding me of pebbles rolling on the beach with the waves.

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You will need to soak the beans for a few hours to soften them, and then partially cook them before you start making this soup.

The Ham Bone
Recently, I happened to be at my favorite meat market, Hampton Meats, in Hopkinsville, KY on the day they were butchering a pig. I’ve been there on days when half of a cow was hanging there, too. There is nothing like seeing an animal carcass hanging on a hook to make you take a moment to reflect on the source of your food.  I have a copy of the “Meat Reference Manual” issued in 1942 by the U.S. Army for mess sergeants. I like the graphics of their meat charts and refer to them often.

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Have you ever wondered why, when you get to the end of a spiral cut ham, getting the meat off the bone is no longer easy or pretty? It’s because the pig’s bulky ball and socket hip-joint are hidden in there. I dissect so you don’t have to.

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The Greens:
Many of the cool weather greens growing in my backyard kitchen garden right now, such as kale, cabbage, chard, and spinach are suitable to use in soup because their leaves are thick and won’t disintegrate in the soup like lettuce would do. In the photo on the left, I’m growing “Alcosa” cabbage, a sweet and tasty variety of cabbage. I use the leaves while they are still young rather than letting them grow into a ball. In the picture on the right, I am growing “Winterbor” and “Red Russian” kale and “Bright Lights” chard. All will work well in this soup. Other choices that would work are spinach, collards, and escarole.

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Ingredients:
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20-ounce bag of dried beans, picked over and rinsed
5 stalks celery (1/2 pound), finely chopped
4 carrots (1/2 pound), finely chopped
1 large onion (1 pound), finely chopped
1 small head garlic (1 ounce), finely chopped
1/3 cup extra virgin olive oil
1 cooked and meaty ham bone, trimmed of visible fat
2 cans “Italian Recipe” stewed tomatoes, puréed first
½  of the heel of a wedge of Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese
2 whole bay leaves
12 cups water (3 quarts)
8 cups greens: cabbage, kale, chard, spinach (greens optional)
1 box ditalini pasta

Mise en Place:
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Instructions:
1. To cook dried beans: Place rinsed beans in about 10 cups of water. Do not add salt to the water. Bring to a rapid boil, reduce heat and simmer for 1½ hours. They should still be somewhat firm, but edible. Drain and set aside.

2. Pull some of the meat off the ham bone to use to sauté the soffritto. Set aside.

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3. Add olive oil to a large frying pan and get it started heating up. Next, add the soffritto, the carrots, onions, celery and garlic and pieces of ham. Sauté over medium-high heat for 15 minutes, frequently stirring, while vegetables become translucent and very lightly browned.

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In a large soup pot add the sautéed soffritto, the partially cooked beans, the ham bone, the 12 cups of water, the puréed stewed tomatoes, the cheese rind, and the bay leaves. Bring to a boil over high heat. Once the soup comes to a boil, turn the heat down to low and let it simmer for one hour, stirring occasionally. Test the beans to make sure they are cooked before adding the greens.

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Add the greens.
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Cook for five more minutes. Turn heat off and remove soup pot from the hot burner.

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Pull the ham bone out of the pot and place it on a cutting board. Pull the meat off the bone, cut it into bite-sized pieces, and return the meat to the pot.

Cook the pasta:
Put a pot of salted water on the stove top to cook the pasta according to the directions on the box. I never cook pasta directly in the soup because it drinks up all the soup’s liquid. Store the cooked pasta in a separate container from the soup, so the noodles do not become mushy.

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To serve soup, put a scoopful of ditalini in each bowl, top with soup, and pass the grated Reggiano cheese!

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Or, serve it without pasta.

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© 2014-2017 Judy Wright. All rights reserved. Photos and text may only be used with written consent.